Colon and Rectal Cancer

Colon and rectal cancer
  • Colorectal cancer is cancer that affects the large intestine (also known as the colon) or the rectum. The word “colorectal” is just a shortened way of saying colon and rectal.

    Colorectal cancer can be serious. But there are various ways to take care of it.

  • Yes, there are a few tests that can discover colorectal cancer. Your doctor can explain your choices.

    If your doctor thinks you have colorectal cancer, he or she will probably suggest a test called a “colonoscopy.” During a colonoscopy, the doctor inserts a tube and a tiny camera into your anus and up to your colon. That way, he or she can look for cancer or previous problems.

Colorectal cancer may not cause any symptoms at first. When it does cause symptoms, it can cause:

  • Stomach pain
  • A change in your bowel movements (number, texture, or size)
  • Blood in your bowel movements
  • Feeling weak

Most types of colorectal cancer are treated with one or more of these:

  • Surgery to remove the part of the colon or rectum that has cancer
  • Chemotherapy, which is the medical term for medicines that destroy cancer cells or stop them from increasing.
  • Radiation therapy

That depends on what type of surgery you have. If your doctor can reconnect your colon or rectum after removing the part with cancer, you should be able to have bowel movements normally. But if your doctor cannot reconnect your colon or rectum, he or she will create a hole in your belly and attach the end of the colon or a loop of intestine to that hole. The hole is called a “colostomy.” Your bowel movements will come out during the opening into a bag that is glued to your skin.

Some people need to have a colostomy only for a short time, called a “temporary colostomy or ileostomy.” Then they can have an additional surgery to reconnect their colon or rectum. Other people need to have a colostomy for the rest of their life. This is called a “permanent colostomy or ileostomy.” If you need a colostomy, your doctor will put you in touch with people who can help you learn how to manage.

After you finish treatment, you should see your doctor every so often for a few years. That technique he or she can check to see if the cancer comes back. You will probably have to have blood tests every so frequently, a few more colonoscopy tests and also a special kind of X-ray called a “CT scan.” Your doctor will also speak to you about your mood, stress level, sex life, eating and exercise routine, and any other problems you might have after finishing treatment.

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Colorectal Cancer

Irregular pain in your abdomen? This could be a sign of cancer related to the intestines.

Irregular pain in your abdomen? This could be a sign of cancer related to the intestines.

You are here >> Home > Blog > Large Bowel > Colorectal Cancer

Have you ever thought about what colorectal cancer (Colon and Rectal Cancer) is and how it affects your body? In this blog post, we’ll break down the important details about this condition, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments, all in simple and easy-to-understand terms. Colorectal cancer is a serious disease, but with early detection, it can often be treated successfully.

Summary

Colorectal cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the colon or rectum grow out of control, forming a tumor. It can cause changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, and stomach pain. This condition can be diagnosed through screening tests and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, depending on its stage.
Colorectal cancer can develop due to a combination of genetic factors, age, and lifestyle choices. Some common causes include a diet high in red meat, lack of exercise, and family history.
The symptoms often include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
Doctors diagnose colorectal cancer through tests like colonoscopy, biopsy, and blood tests. Early detection is critical for successful treatment.
Colorectal Cancer - Irregular pain in your abdomen - This could be a sign of cancer related to the intestines.

Facts

Know More

Symptoms

Causes

Diagnosis

Treatments

Treatment Options and Outcomes

Understanding the different treatment options for colorectal cancer is essential for both patients and healthcare providers. This table provides information on the main treatments, their uses, common side effects, and expected outcomes to support informed decision-making.
Treatment Indications Common Side Effects Expected Outcomes
Surgery Early-stage cancer, localized tumors Pain, infection, bowel changes Potentially curative if localized
Chemotherapy Advanced or metastatic cancer Nausea, fatigue, hair loss Can shrink tumors, prolong survival
Radiation Therapy Rectal cancer or inoperable tumors Skin irritation, fatigue, bowel issues Tumor shrinkage, symptom control
Targeted Therapy Advanced cancer with specific mutations Diarrhea, high blood pressure, fatigue Tumor control, slow progression
Immunotherapy Advanced cancer with immune markers Immune-related side effects (inflammation) Long-term tumor control in some patients

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

Frequently Asked Questions

When is colonoscopy required?
A colonoscopy is recommended for people over 50 or earlier if there’s a family history of colorectal cancer. It is also advised if you have symptoms like rectal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss.
Is colorectal cancer hereditary?
Yes, colorectal cancer can be hereditary. Conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome increase the risk, so if you have a family history of colon cancer, screening may be advised at an earlier age.
Can colorectal cancer cause back pain?
Colorectal cancer can sometimes cause back pain, particularly if it spreads to nearby organs or the spine. However, back pain is not a common early symptom and usually occurs in more advanced stages.
Can colorectal cancer be treated?
Yes, colorectal cancer can be treated, especially if detected early. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes targeted or immunotherapy depending on the stage of the cancer.
Where is colon cancer located?
Colon cancer is located in the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. It can occur in different sections of the colon, such as the ascending, transverse, descending, or sigmoid colon.
How common is colon cancer in India?
Colon cancer is becoming more common in India, though it is still less prevalent than in Western countries. Rising rates of colon cancer have been linked to changes in diet, lifestyle, and aging populations.
Is colon and rectal cancer the same?
Colon and rectal cancer are similar but not the same. Both are types of colorectal cancer, but colon cancer affects the large intestine, while rectal cancer occurs in the last several inches of the intestine (the rectum).
How much time does colon cancer take to develop?
Colon cancer usually develops over many years, starting as small benign polyps in the colon lining. These polyps can slowly turn into cancer over 10 to 15 years, which is why regular screening is important.
How does colorectal cancer develop?
Colorectal cancer develops when cells in the colon or rectum grow abnormally and form polyps. Over time, these polyps can become cancerous, often due to genetic mutations, lifestyle factors, or inherited risks.
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Dr. Harsh Shah

MS, MCh (GI cancer Surgeon)

Dr Harsh Shah is a well known GI & HPB Robotic Cancer Surgeon in ahmedabad. He treats cancers of esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, rectum & small intestines. He is available at Apollo Hospital.

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